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France began its conquest of Indochina in the 1850’s, and completed by 1893. France and Japan collaborated a lot after the invasion of Indochina, but the ultimate power was in the hands of the Japanese at the time. The Vietnamese opposed the French in this time period and had many opposition movements toward them. On 2 September 1945, Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Viet Minh, declared the independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam in front of a large crowd of 500,000 in Hanoi. But the allies of WW2 believe that the area belonged to the French. But France did not have enough soldiers, weapons, or ships to take over Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh signed an agreement allowing French forces to replace Nationalist Chinese forces, in place for French recognition of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam as a "free" republic within the French Union. The Viet Minh fight happened by a lack of weapons; this situation changed by 1949 when the Chinese Communists had basically won the Chinese Civil War and were free to provide arms to their Vietnamese allies nation.

January 1950, the communist nations, led by the People's Republic of China, saw that the Viet Minh's Democratic Republic of Vietnam as the government of Vietnam. September 1950, the United States created a Military Assistance and Advisory Group to answer French requests for aid, advise on strategy, and train Vietnamese soldiers. U.S. carriers sailed to the Gulf of Tonkin, and flights over Dien Bien Phu were made in the south. Former Emperor B ả o Đ ạ i's State of Vietnam operated, with Ngô Đình Di ệ m as his prime minister. In June 1955, Diem announced that elections would not be held. Meanwhile, John F Kennedy announced that he would not be like Dwight Eisenhower and said that he is a fervent believer in communism.

Charlie Ziegler